TTY Driver

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Diagram of the interaction between hardware, UART driver, TTY driver, and user application.

The TTY driver is built on top of the UART driver (or other TTY appropriate hardware). The driver is responsible for sending and receiving character input between a user level application, such as the XINU Shell, and a char-oriented hardware driver. Line buffering and cooking are the two primary responsibilities for the new TTY driver.

Conceptual structure

Functionality

Initialize

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Open

Open associates a TTY with an underlying char-oriented hardware driver. The underlying device should already be initialized. A TTY is allocated from the available TTY devices and its circular buffers are initialized.

Close

Close disasociates a TTY from its underlying device. It also makes the TTY available to be allocated to other processes.

Read

The TTY driver reads input in lines. Input is buffered in a secondary buffer and cooked (if not in RAW mode) until the secondary buffer is full or a carriage return (CR or '\r') or line feed (LF or '\n') is encountered. When pressing the 'Enter' key on the keyboard, xinu-console is configured to send '\n' to the backend.

When not in RAW input mode, the TTY driver cooks backspace (BS or '\b') and delete (DEL or ASCII character 0x7F). BS and DEL remove the last character from the secondary buffer, and decrease the secondary buffer count by one. When in RAW mode, set using "control(device id, TTC_IRAW, TRUE, NULL)," and BS and DEL are ignored.

The TTY driver sets a flag if EOF (EOT or Control-D) or CBREAK (ETX or Control-C) are seen in the input ready from the secondary buffer. The flags can be checked using "control(device id, TTC_EOF, NULL NULL)" or "control(device id, TTC_CBREAK, NULL NULL)" for EOF and CBREAK, respectively. When not in RAW mode the EOT character is converted to the EOF constant (-2) defined in XINU.

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Write

When not in RAW output mode, the TTY driver cooks line feeds (also known as LF, \n, or ASCII character 0x0A) and carriage returns (also known as CR, \r, or ASCII character 0x0D). The ttyWrite function always ensures CRLF is written to the output buffer when any of the following escape sequences are to be written: \r, \n, or \r\n. When in RAW mode, set using "control(device id, TTC_ORAW, TRUE, NULL)", CR and LF are not cooked.

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Control

 /* TTY input flags */
 #define	TTY_IFLAG_RAW		0x0001  /* do raw input                 */
 #define	TTY_IFLAG_ECHO	        0x0002  /* echo input		        */
 #define	TTY_IFLAG_CBREAK	0x0004  /* have seen Break (Control-C)  */
 #define	TTY_IFLAG_EOF		0x0008	/* have seen EOF (Control-D)    */
 /* TTY output flags */
 #define	TTY_OFLAG_RAW		0x0001	/* do raw output		*/

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See also

• UART Driver